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– KFC commercial, c. 1963
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– billionaire businessman-turned-politician
Foster Friess, one of two US Senators to die in office this year; his death has triggered a special election which will be held in November 2022 for the completion of Friess' 2021-2027 US Senate term
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– Bay State politician
Michael Dukakis is the longest-serving state governor in US history, serving for a 14-year period and then a 16-year period for a total tenure length of almost exactly 30 years. Dukakis, a liberal Democrat, ascended to the governorship at the age of 43 after Governor Salinger was appointed to a diplomatic post in the Mondale administration, and left office for the last time (after winning 7 gubernatorial elections (1978, 1982, 1986, 1998, 2002, 2006, and 2010)) at the age of 81.
Dukakis began his political career in the state House, where he served for eight years before successfully running for Lieutenant Governor in 1970 and again in 1974. He worked well with Governor Pierre Salinger, who in 1975 amended state law so that someone who ascended to the governorship became full governor and not “Acting Governor.” Two years later, Salinger resigned from office to accept a US Ambassadorship. Soon after becoming Governor, Dukakis quietly opposed the political patronage system of the bureaucratic and powerful Metropolitan District Commission (MDC) agency. After receiving praise for being the only official in the commonwealth’s government to go to work during the Great Blizzard of 1978 and announce emergency bulletins at local TV studios, he ran for a full term on a pledge of no new taxes. After the national economy entered recession just weeks before the election, Dukakis’ gubernatorial opponent questioned the feasibility of the incumbent’s “anti-tax” pledge in the race’s sole gubernatorial debate; the comment was misinterpreted as Dukakis’s opponent suggesting that he (Dukakis’ opponent) would have to raise taxes if elected, leading to Dukakis winning in a landslide. However, in 1979, Dukakis raised the state’s sales and property tax rates to sustain social services during the late 1970s recession, causing his approval ratings to plummet. With his political career in jeopardy, Dukakis allied himself with public employee unions and media outlets during a 1979 strike, supported police in a minor hostage crisis in Springfield later that year, and received praise from state university academics who credited his tax policies for the Bay State’s recovery from the recession being quicker than the recovery of most other states. As a result of Dukakis’ sudden surge in MA approval ratings, he was vetted for Scoop Jackson’s running mate in the 1980 Presidential election but was not chosen for the national ticket.
In the wake of the expanding economy, Dukakis reversed course again and lowered sales and property taxes in 1981. In 1982, MDC power brokers backed former MA Port Authority Director Ed King in the Democratic gubernatorial primary, only for Dukakis to defeat him 2-to-3; Dukakis went on to win re-election by a comfortable margin. Presiding over a period of great economic expansion for the state, Dukakis began to receive more name recognition at the national level; however, after much consideration, he declined to run for President in 1984.
After winning a third election for a fourth term, Dukakis was again seen as a potential Presidential candidate due to his national reputation as an effective leader. He received accolades for improvements made under his watch to the commonwealth’s mass transit and public transportation systems, which was highlighted by his riding the subway to work every day as Governor. However, in early 1987, Dukakis was also facing backflash from business leaders threatening to leave the state over his recent tax hikes on large businesses. This issue was complicated by environmentalist groups alleging major companies were polluting Massachusetts Bay. Hoping to salvage his gubernatorial legacy, Dukakis chose to “put Massachusetts before New Hampshire” and declined to run for President in 1988. In 1989, with Dukakis continuing to battle major companies and rising critics of his tax policies, he declined to run for re-election; he left office with an approval rating of roughly 40%.
From 1991 to 1998, Dukakis served on the Amtrak Board of Directors and as a professor at several MA colleges and universities, where he taught political science and co-founded initiatives to get young Americans more active in politics. Meanwhile, Massachusetts experienced buyers’ remorse as Governor Murphy turned the state’s budget from a small surplus to a substantial deficit, briefly ran for President in 1995, and failed to keep large businesses in the state – a trend that mirrored rising state unemployment rates despite Murphy claiming in 1996 that the two were “largely unrelated.” After repeated calls from a multitude of supporters, Dukakis announced a run for another term in 1998. With a large coalition of voters, ranging from college students to police officers to labor organizers to even some former MDC power brokers, “The Duke” won a historic fifth term.
After returning to office (and declining to run for President in 1999), Dukakis became known for strongly supporting BLUTAGO Rights in the years before and after the Supreme Court ruling favorably on same-sex marriage in 2003, for bringing high-speed rail to the commonwealth in the post-SARS period, and for combating racism in Boston’s police precincts during the late 2000s and early 2010s (which cost him the support of many police officers in 2006 and 2010). When the SARS Pandemic forced Dukakis to enforce stringent safezoning measures, many believed he would lose re-election; instead, he won, but by a narrower-than-expected margin. In his sixth term, Dukakis oversaw the recovery of the state economy from the SARS pandemic, leading to his approval ratings matching the ones he had in the early 1980s. In early 2006, he surpassed NY Governor George Clinton’s record of nearly 21 years in office to become the longest-serving Governor in US history; he won another term with ease later that same year.
By 2007, Dukakis had become a controversial figure in state politics, with some alleging he had a “dictatorial…stranglehold” on state politics, while his defenders claimed that he was the strongest unifying figure in the commonwealth. Others accused him of nepotism for the high number Greek-American politicians in his cabinets over the years, leading to Boston sometimes being referred to as “Greektown.” After years of ignoring these remarks, an assault on two of his aides led to Dukakis hiring more ethnically diverse personnel in 2008. The incident led to Dukakis privately deciding to retire at the end of his term. Unfortunately for Republicans hoping to finally have a chance at winning the governor’s seat in 2010, economic and political uncertainty in 2009 led to MA-DEM leaders convincing the septuagenarian governor to run “one last time.” In his final term, Dukakis worked to protect his political legacy – his signature policies, initiatives, and social program expansions – from being destroyed, just in case Republicans indeed retook the governorship in 2014. Dukakis was “relieved” when Maura Healey, a progressive Democrat, won instead.
Since leaving office, Dukakis has maintained an active social life, working to support numerous Democratic candidates in 2016, 2018, and 2020, and continuing to advocate for public transportation and youth activism. He currently strongly supports the administration of US President Charlotte Pritt.