Chapter 62: Furuwatari War Part VI - Showdown in Musashi
The Azuchi victory at the Battle of Tamamura in May 1638 theoretically opened the floodgates of Musashi Province, with well over 80,000 men under the command of the daijo-daijin stationed on the northern side of the Kozuke-Musashi province. However, more men meant more provisions, more preparations, and more time needed, and for the moment it was logistically impossible for Nobutomo to immediately ride the momentum of their victory. Knowing this, he sent a messenger to mobilize a third army to be led by Ukita Nobuie to have more men ready against Ujinobu. The following month, Nobutomo was finally able to move troops into Musashi province and would target Hachigata and Oshi Castles (鉢形城, 忍城) in northern Musashi. Meanwhile, Hojo Ujinobu had retreated to Kawagoe Castle (川越城) where he began to levy fresh men and recover from his army’s losses. The Azuchi armies’ advance into northern Musashi, however, didn’t give him enough time for Ujinobu to accomplish this in time. Instead, he led a division of 20,000 northwards while Ujitoshi stayed behind in Kawagoe with the rest of the army. Ujinobu’s hope was to launch a surprise attack with the aid of a castle’s garrison upon one of the besieging armies once they became extensively enmeshed in their siege. The Hojo lord would choose to attack the besiegers at Oshi Castle, as its garrison was smaller compared to Hachigata Castle’s. Narita Fusanaga (成田房長) served as the castle’s lord, directly commanding a garrison of nearly 4,000 men. The combined Hojo forces of 24,000 faced the Oda numbering 35,000, led directly by Nobutomo himself. The other 35,000 were at Hachigata Castle and led by Miyoshi Yasutaka. When the Hojo army arrived nearby, they launched a surprise assault upon the besiegers but were unable to break through Nobutomo’s sturdy defenses. Ujinobu set up camp nearby and over the next week engaged with the Oda in a series of smaller skirmishes. Meanwhile, as a way to simultaneously take the castle and block further Hojo attacks, Nobutomo devised a plan to flood the surroundings of the castle through dikes and seasonal rains [1]. This was implemented despite Ujinobu’s men continuously disrupting the construction process through back-to-back raids and regular armed assaults upon his camp. Despite difficulties, with the strength of his army and 5,000 reinforcements from Kozuke province, construction was completed and by early July torrential rains had successfully flooded the castle. Ujinobu was forced to withdraw his army from the area after Nobutomo’s successful strategy made continuous harassment of the Oda more difficult and news of Hachigata Castle’s fall came to be known, with Miyoshi Yasutaka now free to help repel the Hojo completely.
Depiction of Oshi Castle submerged at the Siege of Oshi Castle in 1638
However, his efforts had not been for naught, for he had forced the daijo daijin’s hand in entrenching himself in the siege to the point of immovability and prolonged the siege. Oshi Castle itself proved to be resilient and would not fall anytime soon despite overwhelming odds. Additionally, Ujitoshi had completed the task of mobilization, and the Hojo field army now consisted of 50,000 men just in Musashi province when combined. The timing of this could not come at a more crucial time, for Ukita Nobuie’s army of yet another 40,000 men was about to arrive from the west. Meanwhile, the situation on the other fronts was not good. The siege of Shimoda had ended in failure after the unsuccessful Hojo besiegers retreated to reinforce the Izu-Suruga province and protect Odawara Castle from a possible response to the pro-Azuchi victory in the Tokugawa civil war. This gave the Shimoda squadron of the Azuchi navy freedom to concentrate on securing the seas and it would go on to destroy the Hojo navy shortly after the end of the siege. The eastern front in Shimousa and Kazusa provinces was hardly better. Over the past few months, the pro-Azuchi daimyo of Shimotsuke province and the Satake in Hitachi province had both defeated Oda Toshiharu and Nasu Sukekage and assisted in Oda Toshinao’s defense against the Hojo from the west and Satomi-Hojo forces from the south. Although the Hojo and Satomi in the south at one point besieged Toshinao's home castle, Koga Castle (古河城), the direct intervention of Satake Yoshitaka (佐竹義隆) broke the siege. The Hojo similarly found no success invading from the west, being unable to launch major offensives with their other allies spread out and under attack by loyalist daimyo. By midsummer, the small overall gains the Hojo and their allies had made in the Kanto-Oda lands would begin to be lost as the Shimotsuke daimyo and the Satake together with Toshinao’s forces concentrated their efforts against the Hojo.
Amidst the tightening odds, Ujinobu decided on a bold course of action. In mid July, he led his army through northern Musashi towards Kozuke province and Ukita Nobuie’s army as well as the men of Takigawa Kazutoshi. Worried that the Hojo would once again cause havoc in Kozuke, Nobutomo ordered Miyoshi Yasutaka to leave Oshi Castle and lead a force of 45,000 towards Ujinobu, with 20,000 remaining to besiege Oshi Castle. Nobutomo, however, had played right into Ujinobu’s hands, for the Hojo immediately reversed course and marched straight towards this army. The Hojo lord hoped to defeat a surprised Yasutaka in a pitched battle before pouncing upon Nobutomo who would be in an inflexible, numerically disadvantaged position. A cavalry vanguard, however, alerted Yasutaka to the change in the Hojo army’s movements and prepared accordingly. The two armies would meet at Fukaya in northern Musashi province on July 25th.
Yasutaka divided his army into 5 contingents, with 4 numbering 10,000 men each manning the front and a 5th grouping of 5,000 men acting as the reserve and directly commanded by Yasutaka. The four frontal contingents were led from left to right Maeda Noriyuki, Konoe Tomoshige, Akechi Mitsutada, and Yasutaka’s brother Yasukata (三好康賢). Mirroring their formation were the Hojo, albeit with slightly greater numbers (11,000 for each frontal contingent, 6,000 in the reserves). Ujinobu oversaw the army from the back amongst the reserves while the front end of his army was commanded from left to right Hojo Ujinaga (北条氏長), Daidouji Shigehisa, Mishuku Masahide (御宿政秀), and the heir Ujitoshi. Each side had varying advantages. While the Oda army had slightly less men, it overall contained more veterans, including those who had fought in the Iberian-Japanese War, and was better versed in gunpowder-based warfare. The Hojo, by contrast, had more raw recruits but had a superior cavalry as well, the old traditions of the “Bandou musha” (坂東武者) [2] seeped into many of the proud, hereditary vassals of the Hojo with deep ties to the Kanto plain.
Battle of Fukaya, Salmon=Oda-Azuchi, Blue=Hojo
The battle began at noon with a salvo of cannonfire on both sides, which inflicted some casualties on the frontlines. This was followed by a steady infantry charge on the Oda side. Parts of the Hojo cavalry, which were situated further in the back, galloped through the gaps to assault the flanks of the arquebusiers and yari ashigaru, but were repelled for the most part and gave way for the Hojo’s own infantry charge. Through volleys of gunfire and wielding of swords and spears, the battle continued through the afternoon with the varying advantages of each side balancing each other out. However, the rightmost Hojo contingent led by Ujitoshi eventually pushed back the far left of the Oda-Azuchi army, with the presence of the heir himself boosting Hojo morale. Maeda Noriyuki’s men began to break and lose discipline, exposing the left flank of Konoe Tomoshige’s contingent. Seeing that the Oda right was making no headways, Tomoshige decided to take bold action personally. Taking in reserves and transferring command to Ikeda Yoshinari, he led 1,000 samurai cavalry around the Oda left flank and directly confronted the Hojo right. In the most famous part of the battle, he ended up dueling Ujitoshi himself amidst the chaos. Surrounded by enemy cavalry everywhere and unhorsed at one point, he eventually took down the Hojo heir. When Tomoshige raised Ujitoshi’s head and proudly announced his feat, Hojo morale dropped and the Hojo right wing began to fall apart. Seeing this, Yasutaka ordered a barrage of cannonfire, initiating a Hojo rout on the right and tipping the balance on the Hojo left. By the end of the afternoon, half of the Hojo army was in full flight and Ujinobu was unable to restore order, forcing a chaotic retreat. In total, Ujinobu had suffered 18,000 casualties in comparison to the Oda’s 6,000. Amidst the Hojo retreat, however, Konoe Tomoshige was mortally wounded by a vengeful retainer of Ujinobu who was killed afterwards. Hearing of the news of the battle but also of his brother’s injuries, the daijo daijin rode to Fukaya and was by Tomoshige’s bedside when the latter finally succumbed to his injuries. The following year, Nobutomo’s second son would receive his manhood rites and succeed the Konoe clan as Konoe Toshishige (近衛俊重).
The Battle of Fukaya decided the ultimate course of the Furuwatari War. After the battle, Ujinobu lacked the manpower to directly challenge the Oda again, and Oshi Castle finally fell in August 1638. By then, the Hojo lord had retreated all the way to Hachioji Castle (八王子城) in southern Musashi province. Across the board, the Hojo clan was in full retreat as were their allies in the Oshu region. The end of the war was near.
[1]: Mirrors the Oshi Castle siege of OTL in 1590 when Toyotomi Hideyoshi campaigned against the Hojo.
[2]: "Bandou" (坂東) is the old name of the Kanto region, and "bando musha" is a name of the samurai warriors from the region in the Heian and Kamakura eras, as the samurai first attained prominence in that region.